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New Brunswick
A natural marvel consisting of a mainland and several little islands strewn around, New Brunswick is one of Canada's four Atlantic provinces and also one of the three smallest. It is also one of the few Canadian provinces that are brimming with an abundance of exotic marine life including Pilot Whales, Humpback Whales, Minke Whales, Fin Whales, Dolphins, Tuna, Swordfish and Shark as well as the occasional Blue Whale.
Provincial Flower
New Brunswick's provincial flower, the Purple Violet (Viola cucullata - Lat.), also known as the Hooded Blue Violet and the Marsh Blue Violet, is found throughout eastern North America from Newfoundland to Ontario and south toward Georgia.
The Purple Violet is a perennial plant that grows up to 20cm tall with leaves forming a basal cluster. The petals of the flowers are predominantly violet, but have also been found to be white.
Capital City
Fredericton is New Brunswick’s capital city, an important cultural and artistic hub located within the province with a population of just over 50,000. It has three universities as well as a number of theatres, art galleries and other buildings of cultural significance.
History
According to a number of sources the First Nations people only inhabited the area of New Brunswick since 4,000 B.C. as opposed to a number of other Canadian provinces where they have been present almost 7,000 years earlier. These peoples included the Sáqwéjíjk who later called themselves the "Mikmaq" (meaning "my kind friends") as an indication of their unity.
In 1534 Jacques Cartier entered what is today known as New Brunswick. Following him in 1604 was Pierre Dugua and Samuel de Champlain. The area of New Brunswick was subsequently claimed as part of the French colony, Arcadia. However trouble soon started as the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 declared the neighbouring Nova Scotia under British possession, leaving the French with a remainder of Arcadia which they then sought to protect (as it was badly populated as well as defended). Yet the Seven Years' War saw New Brunswick falling to the British nonetheless.
The following years saw little change in the population of New Brunswick as its location counted against it. Only in the beginning of the 19th century did the previously ejected Acadians return from Nova Scotia. Subsequent immigration into New Brunswick includes immigrants from Britain and Scotland as well as Ireland.
On July 1st, 1867, New Brunswick became one of the original four provinces of Canada. The Acadians continued to live in relative isolation to the English-speaking settlements in the South until 1960 with the election of Premier Louis Robichaud who embarked on an Equal Opportunity Plan. French became and official language in 1969 under the Official Languages Act.
Geography
The province of New Brunswick is located south of Quebec’s Gaspé Peninsula and Chaleur Bay, and also west of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Northumberland Strait. Although in some ways less prominent than other Canadian provinces, New Brunswick has an abundance of natural resources and wonders in its total area of over 72,900 sq. km. Prominent among these are the vast multitudes of bays and inlets along the coast as well as a surface area of which more than 80% is covered with forest. The Bay of Fundy boasts with the world's highest tides at 15m.
New Brunswick is the main producer of lead, copper, bismuth and zinc in Canada. Other natural resources include natural gas, oil, coal, antimony, silver and potash.